Which attack attempts to break passwords using a dictionary of common words and phrases?

A dictionary attack is a method used by attackers to gain unauthorized access to systems or accounts by systematically entering every word in a predefined list, or "dictionary," of common passwords. The rationale behind this approach is that many users employ weak passwords based on simplistic or frequently used words and phrases. Attackers compile extensive lists of these common passwords, making it easier and more efficient to attempt various combinations rather than guessing random character strings.

In this context, the technique is particularly effective due to the tendency of individuals to use easily memorable phrases or words, which can often be found in publicly available data where passwords have been leaked. This efficiency can lead to quick success in compromising accounts with weak password protection. The dictionary attack contrasts with more sophisticated techniques like brute-force attacks, where every possible character combination is tried, making the process significantly slower and less targeted.