Which component of the CIA triad prevents unauthorized withholding of data?

The component of the CIA triad that focuses on preventing unauthorized withholding of data is availability. Availability ensures that data and resources are accessible to authorized users whenever they need them. This means that systems and information should be operational and accessible without unnecessary delay or obstruction.

When data is withheld from authorized users—either intentionally or due to system failures, attacks, or mismanagement—availability is compromised. Therefore, ensuring that information is available requires implementing measures such as redundancy, failover systems, and effective incident response strategies to maintain access even in adverse situations.

The other components of the CIA triad serve different purposes: integrity focuses on maintaining the accuracy and reliability of data, confidentiality is about protecting information from unauthorized access, and accountability involves tracking user actions and ensuring they are responsible for their activities. While all these components contribute to a secure information environment, availability specifically addresses the issue of ensuring that users can access the information they are permitted to use.