Which of the following best defines 'vulnerability' in the context of information security?

In the context of information security, vulnerability refers to a weakness in a system that can be exploited by threats to gain unauthorized access or cause harm. Identifying and understanding vulnerabilities is crucial in developing effective security measures to protect systems and data.

When a system has vulnerabilities, it may be susceptible to various types of attacks, including malware, phishing, or unauthorized access attempts, putting sensitive information at risk. Addressing these weaknesses through measures such as patching software, strengthening configurations, and implementing security controls helps to reduce the overall security risk.

While attacks and breaches are consequences of vulnerabilities being exploited, the term 'vulnerability' specifically highlights the inherent weaknesses themselves rather than the actions taken by malicious actors or the policies that govern security practices.